Anagrams of fremitus
Word fremitus has
351 anagrams
that can be made by using the letters of fremitus.
- 2,4,5-t
-
noun,
a light-tan, water-insoluble solid, C 8 H 5 Cl 3 O 3 , used chiefly for killing weeds.
- surfeit
-
noun,
excess; an excessive amount:
- stumer
-
noun,
something bogus or fraudulent.
- strife
-
noun,
vigorous or bitter conflict, discord, or antagonism:
- sifter
-
noun,
a person or thing that sifts.
- muster
-
noun,
an assembling of troops or persons for formal inspection or other purposes.
- refits
-
noun,
an act of refitting.
- merits
-
noun,
claim to respect and praise; excellence; worth.
- mitres
-
noun,
Bartolomé [bahr-taw-law-me] /ˌbɑr tɔ lɔˈmɛ/ (Show IPA), 1821–1906, Argentine soldier, statesman, and author: president of Argentina 1862–68.
- muftis
-
noun,
civilian clothes, in contrast with military or other uniforms, or as worn by a person who usually wears a uniform.
- remits
-
noun,
Law. a transfer of the record of an action from one tribunal to another, particularly from an appellate court to the court of original jurisdiction.
- Sumter
-
noun,
a city in central South Carolina.
- miters
-
noun,
the official headdress of a bishop in the Western Church, in its modern form a tall cap with a top deeply cleft crosswise, the outline of the front and back resembling that of a pointed arch.
- fumets
-
noun,
a stock made by simmering fish, chicken, game, etc., in water, wine, or in both, often boiled down to concentrate the flavor and used as a flavoring.
- timers
-
noun,
a person or thing that times.
- Furies
-
noun,
unrestrained or violent anger, rage, passion, or the like:
- Mister
-
noun,
(initial capital letter) a conventional title of respect for a man, prefixed to the name and to certain official designations (usually written as the abbreviation Mr.).
- truism
-
noun,
a self-evident, obvious truth.
- fermis
-
noun,
a unit of length, 10− 15 m, used in measuring nuclear distances. Symbol: F.
- fumet
-
noun,
a stock made by simmering fish, chicken, game, etc., in water, wine, or in both, often boiled down to concentrate the flavor and used as a flavoring.
- fumes
-
noun,
Often, fumes. any smokelike or vaporous exhalation from matter or substances, especially of an odorous or harmful nature:
- sruti
-
noun,
the Vedas and some of the Upanishads, regarded as divinely revealed.
- tries
-
noun,
plural of try.
- mires
-
noun,
a tract or area of wet, swampy ground; bog; marsh.
- fruit
-
noun,
any product of plant growth useful to humans or animals.
- refit
-
noun,
an act of refitting.
- Frits
-
noun,
Ceramics.
a fused or partially fused material used as a basis for glazes or enamels.
the composition from which artificial soft porcelain is made.
- frise
-
noun,
a rug or upholstery fabric having the pile in uncut loops or in a combination of cut and uncut loops.
- Fries
-
noun,
plural of fry1 .
- frets
-
noun,
an irritated state of mind; annoyance; vexation.
- reifs
-
noun,
plunder; booty; loot.
- trims
-
noun,
the condition, order, or fitness of a person or thing for action, work, use, etc.
- mutes
-
noun,
Offensive. a person incapable of speech.
- tiers
-
noun,
one of a series of rows or ranks rising one behind or above another, as of seats in an amphitheater, boxes in a theater, guns in a man-of-war, or oars in an ancient galley.
- tires
-
noun,
British Dialect. fatigue.
- merit
-
noun,
claim to respect and praise; excellence; worth.
- miser
-
noun,
a person who lives in wretched circumstances in order to save and hoard money.
- suite
-
noun,
a number of things forming a series or set.
- miter
-
noun,
the official headdress of a bishop in the Western Church, in its modern form a tall cap with a top deeply cleft crosswise, the outline of the front and back resembling that of a pointed arch.
- Sumer
-
noun,
an ancient region in southern Mesopotamia that contained a number of independent cities and city-states of which the first were established possibly as early as 5000 b.c.: conquered by the Elamites and, about 2000 b.c., by the Babylonians; a number of its cities, as Ur, Uruk, Kish, and Lagash, are major archaeological sites in southern Iraq.
- mites
-
noun,
any of numerous small to microscopic arachnids of the subclass Acari, including species that are parasitic on animals and plants or that feed on decaying matter and stored foods.
- metr-
-
- Metis
-
noun,
any person of mixed ancestry.
- Mitre
-
noun,
Bartolomé [bahr-taw-law-me] /ˌbɑr tɔ lɔˈmɛ/ (Show IPA), 1821–1906, Argentine soldier, statesman, and author: president of Argentina 1862–68.
- strum
-
noun,
the act of strumming.
- Mures
-
noun,
a river in SE central Europe, flowing W from the Carpathian Mountains in central Romania to the Tisza River in S Hungary. 400 miles (645 km) long.
- term.
-
- iters
-
noun,
a canal or passage.
- stime
-
noun,
the smallest bit; a drop, taste, or glimpse.
- terms
-
noun,
a word or group of words designating something, especially in a particular field, as atom in physics, quietism in theology, adze in carpentry, or district leader in politics.
- ster.
-
- Mufti
-
noun,
civilian clothes, in contrast with military or other uniforms, or as worn by a person who usually wears a uniform.
- Reims
-
noun,
a city in NE France: cathedral; unconditional surrender of Germany May 7, 1945.
- timer
-
noun,
a person or thing that times.
- times
-
noun,
the system of those sequential relations that any event has to any other, as past, present, or future; indefinite and continuous duration regarded as that in which events succeed one another.
- Fiume
-
noun,
Italian name of Rijeka.
- Fris.
-
- rimes
-
noun,
Also called rime ice. an opaque coating of tiny, white, granular ice particles, caused by the rapid freezing of supercooled water droplets on impact with an object.
Compare frost (def 3), glaze (def 17).
- serum
-
noun,
the clear, pale-yellow liquid that separates from the clot in the coagulation of blood; blood serum.
- Siret
-
noun,
a river in SE Europe, flowing SE from the Carpathian Mountains in Ukraine, through E Romania to the Danube. 270 miles (435 km) long.
- etuis
-
noun,
a small, often decorative case, especially one for needles, toilet articles, or the like.
- emirs
-
noun,
a chieftain, prince, commander, or head of state in some Islamic countries.
- serif
-
noun,
a smaller line used to finish off a main stroke of a letter, as at the top and bottom of M.
- seti-
-
- reist
-
verb (used without object),
reest2 .
- feist
-
noun,
Chiefly South Midland and Southern U.S. a small mongrel dog, especially one that is ill-tempered; cur; mutt.
- smite
-
Idioms,
smite hip and thigh. hip1 (def 9).
- femur
-
noun,
Anatomy. a bone in the human leg extending from the pelvis to the knee, that is the longest, largest, and strongest in the body; thighbone.
- resit
-
noun,
a test or examination that is retaken.
- Fermi
-
noun,
a unit of length, 10− 15 m, used in measuring nuclear distances. Symbol: F.
- emits
-
verb (used with object),
to send forth (liquid, light, heat, sound, particles, etc.); discharge.
- Remus
-
noun,
Roman Legend. See under Romulus (def 1).
- feti-
-
- first
-
noun,
the person or thing that is first in time, order, rank, etc.
- 30-30
-
- firms
-
noun,
a partnership or association for carrying on a business.
- remit
-
noun,
Law. a transfer of the record of an action from one tribunal to another, particularly from an appellate court to the court of original jurisdiction.
- semi-
-
- fires
-
- rifts
-
noun,
an opening made by splitting, cleaving, etc.; fissure; cleft; chink.
- turfs
-
noun,
a layer of matted earth formed by grass and plant roots.
- fetus
-
noun,
(used chiefly of viviparous mammals) the young of an animal in the womb or egg, especially in the later stages of development when the body structures are in the recognizable form of its kind, in humans after the end of the second month of gestation.
- str.
-
- MSIE
-
- stum
-
noun,
unfermented or partly fermented grape juice.
- rit.
-
- sift
-
verb (used with object),
to separate and retain the coarse parts of (flour, ashes, etc.) with a sieve.
- rite
-
noun,
a formal or ceremonial act or procedure prescribed or customary in religious or other solemn use:
- Reis
-
plural noun,
a former money of account of Portugal and Brazil.
- Mrs.
-
plural,
a title of respect prefixed to the surname or full name of a married woman:
- Sert
-
noun,
José María [haw-se mah-ree-ah] /hɔˈsɛ mɑˈri ɑ/ (Show IPA), 1876–1945, Spanish painter.
- suet
-
noun,
the hard fatty tissue about the loins and kidneys of beef, sheep, etc., used in cooking or processed to yield tallow.
- Seri
-
noun,
a member of an American Indian people of western Sonora state, Mexico, on the Gulf of California.
- rues
-
noun,
sorrow; repentance; regret.
- Rise
-
noun,
an act or instance of rising.
- Rumi
-
noun,
Jalal ud-din [Persian jah-lahl ood-deen,, oo d-,, ja-] /Persian dʒɑˈlɑl udˈdin,, ʊd-,, dʒæ-/ (Show IPA), Jalal ud-din Rumi.
- rums
-
noun,
an alcoholic liquor or spirit distilled from molasses or some other fermented sugar-cane product.
- Rus.
-
- Ruse
-
noun,
a trick, stratagem, or artifice.
- Rust
-
noun,
Also called iron rust. the red or orange coating that forms on the surface of iron when exposed to air and moisture, consisting chiefly of ferric hydroxide and ferric oxide formed by oxidation.
- mite
-
noun,
any of numerous small to microscopic arachnids of the subclass Acari, including species that are parasitic on animals and plants or that feed on decaying matter and stored foods.
- mist
-
noun,
a cloudlike aggregation of minute globules of water suspended in the atmosphere at or near the earth's surface, reducing visibility to a lesser degree than fog.
- serf
-
noun,
a person in a condition of servitude, required to render services to a lord, commonly attached to the lord's land and transferred with it from one owner to another.
- rifs
-
noun,
Er [er] /ɛr/ (Show IPA) a mountainous coastal region in N Morocco.
- Stir
-
noun,
the act of stirring or moving.
- Reus
-
noun,
a city in Catalonia, NE Spain, on the Mediterranean Sea.
- reit
-
noun,
real-estate investment trust.
- reif
-
noun,
plunder; booty; loot.
- reft
-
verb,
a simple past tense and past participle of reave1 .
- mise
-
noun,
a settlement or agreement.
- rems
-
noun,
the quantity of ionizing radiation whose biological effect is equal to that produced by one roentgen of x-rays.
- refs
-
noun, verb (used with or without object),
referee.
- smut
-
noun,
a particle of soot; sooty matter.
- ref.
-
- rest
-
noun,
the refreshing quiet or repose of sleep:
- muts
-
noun,
mutt.
- rets
-
verb (used with object),
to soak in water or expose to moisture, as flax or hemp, to facilitate the removal of the fiber from the woody tissue by partial rotting.
- mute
-
noun,
Offensive. a person incapable of speech.
- rime
-
noun,
Also called rime ice. an opaque coating of tiny, white, granular ice particles, caused by the rapid freezing of supercooled water droplets on impact with an object.
Compare frost (def 3), glaze (def 17).
- Ste.
-
- situ
-
noun,
in situ.
- must
-
noun,
something necessary, vital, or required:
- Muse
-
noun,
Classical Mythology.
any of a number of sister goddesses, originally given as Aoede (song), Melete (meditation), and Mneme (memory), but latterly and more commonly as the nine daughters of Zeus and Mnemosyne who presided over various arts: Calliope (epic poetry), Clio (history), Erato (lyric poetry), Euterpe (music), Melpomene (tragedy), Polyhymnia (religious music), Terpsichore (dance), Thalia (comedy), and Urania (astronomy); identified by the Romans with the Camenae.
any goddess presiding over a particular art.
- mus.
-
- site
-
noun,
the position or location of a town, building, etc., especially as to its environment:
- rife
-
adjective,
of common or frequent occurrence; prevalent; in widespread existence, activity, or use:
- Mure
-
noun,
Obsolete. a wall.
- stem
-
noun,
the ascending axis of a plant, whether above or below ground, which ordinarily grows in an opposite direction to the root or descending axis.
- Muir
-
noun,
Edwin, 1887–1959, English poet.
- rift
-
noun,
an opening made by splitting, cleaving, etc.; fissure; cleft; chink.
- sire
-
noun,
the male parent of a quadruped.
- 1080
-
- MERS
-
noun,
Middle East(ern) Respiratory Syndrome: an often fatal respiratory illness caused by a coronavirus similar to the SARS virus and characterized by fever, coughing, and shortness of breath.
- mis-
-
- Fri.
-
- firm
-
noun,
a partnership or association for carrying on a business.
- firs
-
noun,
any coniferous tree belonging to the genus Abies, of the pine family, characterized by its pyramidal style of growth, flat needles, and erect cones.
- fist
-
noun,
the hand closed tightly, with the fingers doubled into the palm.
- FITS
-
noun,
the manner in which a thing fits:
- Frei
-
noun,
Eduardo [e-dwahr-th aw] /ɛˈdwɑr ðɔ/ (Show IPA), 1911–82, Chilean statesman: president 1964–70.
- mire
-
noun,
a tract or area of wet, swampy ground; bog; marsh.
- frit
-
noun,
Ceramics.
a fused or partially fused material used as a basis for glazes or enamels.
the composition from which artificial soft porcelain is made.
- fems
-
noun,
a woman.
- Frs.
-
- frt.
-
- Frum
-
adjective,
Yiddish. religious; observant.
- trim
-
noun,
the condition, order, or fitness of a person or thing for action, work, use, etc.
- fume
-
noun,
Often, fumes. any smokelike or vaporous exhalation from matter or substances, especially of an odorous or harmful nature:
- fur.
-
- fest
-
noun,
an assembly of people engaged in a common activity (often used in combination):
- fem.
-
- fut.
-
- uret
-
- Utes
-
noun,
Informal. a utility vehicle.
- efts
-
noun,
a newt, especially the eastern newt, Notophthalmus viridescens (red eft) in its immature terrestrial stage.
- user
-
noun,
a person or thing that uses.
- emir
-
noun,
a chieftain, prince, commander, or head of state in some Islamic countries.
- emit
-
verb (used with object),
to send forth (liquid, light, heat, sound, particles, etc.); discharge.
- Uris
-
noun,
a canton in central Switzerland. 415 sq. mi. (1075 sq. km). Capital: Altdorf.
- Eris
-
noun,
the ancient Greek goddess of discord and the sister of Ares: identified with the Roman goddess Discordia.
- Tues
-
- erst
-
adverb,
before the present time; formerly.
- est.
-
- turf
-
noun,
a layer of matted earth formed by grass and plant roots.
- Tums
-
verb (used with object),
to tease (wool) in the preliminary carding operation, or to open out the fibers prior to carding.
- etui
-
noun,
a small, often decorative case, especially one for needles, toilet articles, or the like.
- Eur.
-
- tuis
-
noun,
a black New Zealand honey eater, Prosthemadera novaeseelandiae, having a patch of white feathers on each side of the throat, sometimes tamed as a pet.
- FUSE
-
noun,
a tube, cord, or the like, filled or saturated with combustible matter, for igniting an explosive.
- fret
-
noun,
an irritated state of mind; annoyance; vexation.
- tri-
-
- iter
-
noun,
a canal or passage.
- Sufi
-
noun,
a member of an ascetic, mystical Muslim sect.
- suit
-
noun,
a set of clothing, armor, or the like, intended for wear together.
- sumi
-
noun,
black ink made from a mixture of plant soot and glue solidified into sticks or cakes the ends of which are scraped or ground into water on an ink slab, much used by calligraphers and painters.
- sur-
-
- met.
-
- mes-
-
- Seif
-
noun,
a long narrow sand dune parallel to the prevailing wind direction.
- Meir
-
noun,
Golda [gohl-duh] /ˈgoʊl də/ (Show IPA), (Goldie Mabovitch; Goldie Myerson) 1898–1978, Israeli political leader, born in Russia: prime minister 1969–74.
- M-16
-
noun,
a lightweight, fully automatic rifle shooting a small-caliber bullet at an extremely high velocity: a U.S. Army combat weapon for mobile units and jungle fighting.
- M-14
-
noun,
a fully automatic, gas-operated, .30 caliber rifle developed from the M-1: replaced the M-1 as the standard U.S. Army combat rifle.
- sure
-
Idioms,
for sure, as a certainty; surely:
- SURF
-
noun,
the swell of the sea that breaks upon a shore or upon shoals.
- Surt
-
noun,
the guardian and ruler of Muspelheim, destined to defeat Frey at Ragnarok and destroy the world with fire.
- ter.
-
- Sem.
-
- item
-
noun,
a separate article or particular:
- tier
-
noun,
one of a series of rows or ranks rising one behind or above another, as of seats in an amphitheater, boxes in a theater, guns in a man-of-war, or oars in an ancient galley.
- Ire.
-
- Time
-
noun,
the system of those sequential relations that any event has to any other, as past, present, or future; indefinite and continuous duration regarded as that in which events succeed one another.
- tire
-
noun,
British Dialect. fatigue.
- tref
-
adjective,
Judaism. unfit to be eaten or used, according to religious laws; not kosher.
- UTE
-
noun,
Informal. a utility vehicle.
- Uri
-
noun,
a canton in central Switzerland. 415 sq. mi. (1075 sq. km). Capital: Altdorf.
- SIR
-
noun,
a respectful or formal term of address used to a man:
- ure
-
- uti
-
- Tiu
-
noun,
an English god of the sky and of war, the equivalent of Tyr in Scandinavian mythology.
- sfm
-
- SER
-
noun,
a unit of weight in India, varying in value but usually 1/40 of a maund: the government ser is divided into 80 tolas of 180 English grains and equals nearly 2 pounds 1 ounce avoirdupois (950 grams).
- SUM
-
noun,
the aggregate of two or more numbers, magnitudes, quantities, or particulars as determined by or as if by the mathematical process of addition:
- tr.
-
- USR
-
- SRI
-
noun,
a Hindu title of address prefixed to the name of a deity, holy person, etc.
- urs
-
noun,
an ancient Sumerian city on the Euphrates, in S Iraq: extensive excavations, especially of royal tombs.
- USE
-
noun,
the act of employing, using, or putting into service:
- suf
-
- Sui
-
noun,
a dynasty ruling in China a.d. 589–618.
- USM
-
- St.
-
- UMT
-
- ur-
-
- TES
-
noun,
ti1 .
- STM
-
- TSI
-
- TSR
-
noun,
a computer program with any of several ancillary functions, usually held resident in RAM for instant activation while one is using another program.
- Tu.
-
- TSE
-
- tue
-
- STI
-
- tfr
-
- Sr.
-
- tui
-
noun,
a black New Zealand honey eater, Prosthemadera novaeseelandiae, having a patch of white feathers on each side of the throat, sometimes tamed as a pet.
- Stu
-
noun,
a male given name, form of Stewart or Stuart.
- trf
-
- tum
-
verb (used with object),
to tease (wool) in the preliminary carding operation, or to open out the fibers prior to carding.
- Tim
-
noun,
a male given name, form of Timothy.
- Sue
-
noun,
Eugène [œ-zhen] /œˈʒɛn/ (Show IPA), (Marie Joseph Sue) 1804–57, French novelist.
- UIT
-
- Ume
-
noun,
a river in N Sweden, flowing SE from the W border to the Gulf of Bothnia. Aabout 285 miles (460 km) long.
- SIT
-
verb,
(in prescriptions) may it be.
- uts
-
noun,
the syllable once generally used for the first tone or keynote of a scale and sometimes for the tone C: now commonly superseded by do.
- SEI
-
noun,
sei whale.
- se-
-
- ISR
-
- ERT
-
- ist
-
- ERS
-
noun,
ervil.
- ite
-
- ium
-
- IUS
-
- EMU
-
noun,
a large, flightless, ratite bird, Emu (Dromaius) novaehollandiae, of Australia, resembling the ostrich but smaller and having a feathered head and neck and rudimentary wings.
- EMT
-
- ise
-
- EMS
-
noun,
the letter M, m.
- Me.
-
- MS.
-
plural,
manuscript.
- M-1
-
noun,
a semiautomatic, gas-operated, .30 caliber, clip-fed rifle, with a weight of 8.56 pounds (3.88 kg): the standard U.S. Army rifle in World War II and in the Korean War.
- EMR
-
- MFR
-
- MFS
-
- MFT
-
- mi.
-
- ism
-
noun,
a distinctive doctrine, theory, system, or practice:
- Is.
-
noun,
(used to denote the narrator of a literary work written in the first person singular).
- ETS
-
- FSR
-
- ETR
-
- fer
-
preposition, conjunction,
for.
- FET
-
- fie
-
interjection,
(used to express mild disgust, disapprobation, annoyance, etc.)
- FIR
-
noun,
any coniferous tree belonging to the genus Abies, of the pine family, characterized by its pyramidal style of growth, flat needles, and erect cones.
- FIT
-
noun,
the manner in which a thing fits:
- fm.
-
- Fr.
-
abbreviation,
Father.
- ft.
-
- IRS
-
- IFS
-
noun,
a supposition; uncertain possibility:
- ITU
-
- ier
-
- ESU
-
- ESR
-
- Ife
-
noun,
a town in SW Nigeria.
- IMF
-
- imu
-
noun,
a usually large, covered cooking pit in which food is cooked by means of heated stones.
- Ir.
-
- MI5
-
noun,
the government's security and counterespionage service that works in liaison with Scotland Yard's Special Branch.
- MI6
-
noun,
the government's secret intelligence service.
- MIE
-
- Rs.
-
- MIR
-
noun,
a village commune of peasant farmers in prerevolutionary Russia.
- eft
-
noun,
a newt, especially the eastern newt, Notophthalmus viridescens (red eft) in its immature terrestrial stage.
- RFE
-
- RFI
-
- RIF
-
noun,
Er [er] /ɛr/ (Show IPA) a mountainous coastal region in N Morocco.
- RIM
-
noun,
the outer edge, border, margin, or brink of something, especially of a circular object.
- rm.
-
plural,
ream.
- RSE
-
- REM
-
noun,
the quantity of ionizing radiation whose biological effect is equal to that produced by one roentgen of x-rays.
- ef-
-
- rt.
-
- rte
-
- RTF
-
- RTS
-
- Rue
-
noun,
sorrow; repentance; regret.
- RUM
-
noun,
an alcoholic liquor or spirit distilled from molasses or some other fermented sugar-cane product.
- rut
-
noun,
a furrow or track in the ground, especially one made by the passage of a vehicle or vehicles.
- res
-
noun,
an object or thing; matter.
- ret
-
verb (used with object),
to soak in water or expose to moisture, as flax or hemp, to facilitate the removal of the fiber from the woody tissue by partial rotting.
- RMS
-
plural,
ream.
- MSI
-
- MIT
-
- Mr.
-
plural,
mister: a title of respect prefixed to a man's name or position:
- MRE
-
- EMF
-
- MRI
-
- MSE
-
- Re.
-
- MSF
-
- eu-
-
- MST
-
- MTF
-
- MTI
-
- MTS
-
- EIS
-
- MUF
-
- Mt.
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- Mur
-
noun,
a river in S central Austria, NE Slovenia, and N Croatia, flowing NE and SE to the Drava River. 300 miles (483 km) long.
- mut
-
noun,
mutt.
- eir
-
- et
-
verb,
a simple past tense of eat.
- E.
-
noun,
Edward (St. John) 1925–2000, U.S. writer and illustrator.
- er
-
interjection,
(used to express or represent a pause, hesitation, uncertainty, etc.).
- U.
-
- EI
-
- UT
-
noun,
the syllable once generally used for the first tone or keynote of a scale and sometimes for the tone C: now commonly superseded by do.
- UI
-
- T1
-
- f.
-
noun,
(Paul) Felix (Edler von Münzberg) [poul fey-liks eyd-luh r fuh n mynts-berk] /paʊl ˈfeɪ lɪks ˈeɪd lər fən ˈmüntsˌbɛrk/ (Show IPA), 1863–1942, Austrian composer, conductor, and writer.
- SU
-
- SM
-
- S.
-
- RU
-
- SF
-
- SI
-
noun,
the syllable used for the seventh tone of a scale and sometimes for the tone B.
- RF
-
- R.
-
- MU
-
noun,
the 12th letter of the Greek alphabet (M, μ).
- MF
-
- FI
-
noun,
the solmization syllable used for the semitone between the fourth and fifth degrees of a scale.
- M.
-
- t.
-
- TE
-
noun,
ti1 .
- IT
-
noun,
(in children's games) the player called upon to perform some task, as, in tag, the one who must catch the other players.
- TI
-
noun,
the syllable for the seventh tone of a diatonic scale.
- IF
-
noun,
a supposition; uncertain possibility:
- TM
-
- i.
-
- FE
-
- RI
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